How fracking may determine the election in swing state Pennsylvania

CECIL TOWNSHIP, Pa. — Fracking has been on the national stage this election season and swing state Pennsylvania, with its 19 electoral votes in play, is at the center of the issue with one the largest natural gas deposits in the U.S.

Hydraulic fracturing, commonly known as fracking, sees water and other chemicals pumped into underground rock formations that contain methane or natural gas. The fluids crack the rock, releasing the gas which is then captured and brought above ground.

Eight years ago, Michelle Stonemark built her dream home in Cecil Township, Pennsylvania, on the same street as much of her extended family. She was followed by some new neighbors -- a fracking operation.

As the Stonemarks' home was under construction, a natural gas company built a well pad for oil and gas production just a few feet away.

"I was scared to death. I was scared about what harms it would cause us," she told ABC News' Stephanie Ramos.

It's a significant industry in Pennsylvania, but there is precedent for states banning fracking -- it's happened in California, Maryland, New York, Vermont and Washington.

Only Congress has the power to completely ban fracking, but presidential candidates Donald Trump and Kamala Harris see it as a topic that resonates with voters in the Keystone State.

Former President Trump says Harris is against the practice.

"Starting on Day One of my new administration, I will end Kamala Harris' war on Pennsylvania energy," he said at an Oct. 26 rally. "And we will frack, frack, frack."

In 2019, when Harris was running for the Democratic presidential nomination, she firmly stood for a ban on fracking. During a CNN town hall on climate change in 2019 when she was still a senator, Harris said, "There's no question I'm in favor of banning fracking."

Now, Vice President Harris has positioned herself as a supporter of fracking. Harris reiterated that she would not ban fracking during the ABC News Presidential Debate.

"I will not ban fracking. I have not banned fracking as vice president of the United States," she said during September's ABC News debate. "And, in fact, I was the tie-breaking vote on the Inflation Reduction Act, which opened new leases for fracking."

The Stonemarks documented the experience of living so close to an active fracking operation, with video showing flames shooting into the sky in the middle of the night as excess natural gas was burned off.

Their windows and tools in their garage often vibrate with the hum of machinery at the nearby well pad.

In Cecil Township, there's legislation that would require new fracking operations to be placed at least 5,000 feet away from schools and 2,500 feet away from homes. The current minimum distance is 500 feet. The city council passed the resolution on Monday night.

Stonemark supports the legislation, but it may not change her situation. The family has already upgraded their air filters and installed air quality monitors outside, but she's angry about it.

"Every day we wake up and we don't know what we're going to get. We don't know how loud it's going to be, how what it's going to smell like outside," she told ABC News. "[Or] If my kids can play outside; we don't know if we can have people over."

She's also concerned that it's causing health issues for the family.

"We don't know if the nosebleed my daughter has is from fracking. We don't know if the nausea and the headaches that we're feeling are from fracking," she said. "Every day is undue stress and anxiety on myself, my husband, my kids. So, yeah, it pisses me off."

In 2023, a taxpayer-funded study conducted by the University of Pittsburgh found that children who live within one mile of unconventional natural gas development -- including fracking -- were found to be five to seven times more likely to develop lymphoma, a type of cancer. It was also linked to adverse birth outcomes and exacerbating existing asthma symptoms.

In the race for the White House, politicians are hoping a vow to keep fracking will secure them votes. However, the issue is more complex for the people with fracking operations in their backyard. Even pro-fracking Republicans like Scott Byrd are in favor of the proposed changes.

"First of all, I'm very pro fracking," he told ABC News. "It just has to be done in an industrial rural area."

However, Byrd noted that neither of the candidates have offered particulars on the issue.

"I'm mainly motivated by responsibilities as a parent," he said. "You see your two children, you have to do everything you can do to protect them."

In a statement to ABC News, Range Resources, which runs fracking operations in Cecil Township, noted that it works closely with "municipalities and residents to foster open communication, address community concerns, and proactively minimize any potential impacts."

However, it said that the township's ordinance is "a stark outlier from the 50 other municipalities where Range operates, as it seeks to restrict future natural gas development within its borders."

Byrd emphasized the need to frack safely.

"If the technology is not there to do it without hurting children, everybody else, we need to get more into research and development. We're not just going to jump the gun," he said. "They're running with it and ignoring the risks. We have to do something."

Stonewall noted that fracking is a polarizing topic, but it shouldn't be something people are simply for or against.

"I'm neither for it or against it -- I believe it has its place. I believe that we need to be an energy independent nation," she said. "I just don't believe that we need to be doing it at the expense of people living their everyday lives."

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